Columbus: The Four Voyages
By Laurence Bergreen
The Short Take:
It’s fascinating to read about Christopher Columbus’ other voyages and his exploits in the New World. But I kept wanting a better sense of “being there.” Still, this book was certainly worth exploring.
Why?
Every school child knows Columbus discovered America in 1492. Only he didn’t have a clue where he was and actually didn’t set foot on either North or South America on that first voyage. For that matter, he wasn’t even the first European to come to the New World. There were even whole settlements of Europeans well before his venture.
So why does Columbus matter? His four voyages marked the beginning of an exchange of food and culture between the Old and New Worlds. While others tread lightly on these lands and did not bring home things that were unique to the New World, Columbus and others like him did.
Potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate, maize (corn), and squash are just a few New World edibles that Europe had never seen before. On the other hand, horses, chickens, bananas, and sugarcane made their way from the Old to the New. This Columbus Exchange made huge changes everywhere. And, it all started with that first voyage.
Bergreen recounts Columbus’ four voyages in detail, as well as what went before and after. He quotes from Columbus’ own journals and multiple other contemporary sources. The research seems impeccable. Despite this, I often found myself wanting more information: What was life like on one of Columbus’ ships? What are the actual names of those native American animals described in European terms? Where did the Pinta go when its captain just took off? But that might just be my innate curiosity.
The author did seem to present a balanced picture of Columbus, a man who has been both deified and reviled. Columbus’ courage cannot be denied, and his skills as a seaman are exceptional. However, he is also very much a product of his time and place — seeing his discoveries only as a means to wealth for himself and Spain. In his own writings he contradicts himself constantly, first praising the indigenous peoples and then suggesting they would make excellent slaves.
It’s interesting to note that the people he encountered on his voyages were largely welcoming, freely giving everything from gold to parrots to countless meals. You have to wonder what would have happened if these friendly people had been the ones “discovering” Europe instead of the other way around.
A Little Plot:
Christopher Columbus wanted to reach the Orient by crossing the Atlantic. He finally convinced the rulers of Spain to finance this endeavor. You know what happened next.
But you might not know about his other three voyages, the various betrayals and court intrigues he faced, the time he was shipwrecked for a year on Jamaica, and the daring expedition that finally led to his rescue. Add to that his attempts to establish and administer settlements in the New World — something at which he did not excel, his religious fevor, and constant ailments.
Christopher Columbus overcame phenomenal odds yet never accomplished his goal. He was a man of contradictions, a Genoan sailing for Spain; traveling far away while those at court plotted against him. His is a remarkable life and well worth reading about.
For more about the author and his works, click here.
